Who invented sanitary wares?
As the saying goes: "Wen-Xiamaguan, that taste parking." This is not what has to restaurants, because of the urgency of looking for convenience sake.
Today Tibi wrote on the topic of toilets, the subject of strange to be more strange. Do not think that "toilet" is a word Bolai Pin, in fact toilet and-out, Hongo local Chinese manufacturers. Have a mosquito that year, our ancestors convenient place is the plains, and later evolved into pits, and then later in the toilet, the mosquito is also the year with a set of human, when people exposed Xiangtun when mosquitoes start dinner.
Say that the history of the toilet, which was from the start with the Han Dynasty, "Xijing journal," said Han Yu made by the court, "Huzi" by the emperor with a staff of servants to prepare for Huang Shang at any time convenient. This "Huzi" is later known as the toilet, Pianhu of specialized equipment, which is the predecessor of the toilet. Such as this, said this "Huzi" is also subject to scholars Gao Zu Liu Bang when the highest female-to be inspired by the invention. "Huzi" the invention there is another way, and the emperor is said to have related. Legend has it during the Western Han Dynasty "-General" Wo Hu Liguang shot dead, people Zhucheng female tiger-shaped bronze with the urine of the inside, the Tigers said in contempt, which is "Huzi" the origin of its name. But to the Tang dynasty emperor sitting at the Court of Liuzhou, in private homes because they have called "Hu", Taibu Jing put this term to "sub-animal" or "MA Zi", Zaiwang after commonly known as "toilet" And "Niaopen." In this there is a joke, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Pingding Sichuan, will Houshu palace in the full-back to the Bianjing artifacts, found that one of the agate Fei Xiang Man of the pot, the joy in the, almost to Sheng Jiuhe. Later to Shu Zhu Yu Chang Chong Fei Huaruifuren response to the dedication, a Huaruifuren see this stuff was great for the emperor Song Jian, Mangshuo This is my husband's Niaopen ah! Jingde Zhao Kuangyin Guaijiao: "the use of such Niaopen, how can there be no subjugation of truth» "immediately smash this baby.
The toilet was first done a detailed written during the Northern Song Dynasty Ouyang Xiu is the "Guitian recorded two" in the "Trojan horse", "source of speech" in its explanation for the "wooden toilet." Ancient Chinese people use the toilet is a bucket Daigai the radio, with tung oil or water on the good Zhuqi be applied.
To the Qing Dynasty, the palace toilet system to do more stress, more use made of tin or silver, four-is Mujiazuodeng, drums containing carbon-gray. In order to cover up the "emperor" of excrement, and Meng Chang Ho Chi does not, but the comfort and hygiene standards are improving more. Yuan also president of China's traditional preference for a toilet-plus, its living by the Juren halls equipped with flush toilets. But he suspected "that the purpose of bad," and the use of custom-made wooden toilet.
By on that Chinese-style toilets, although the experience of the more than 1,000 years of use and evolution, its appearance is not what happens, basically maintaining the basin and barrel-shaped appearance, may be considering the use of the convenient stop. This single-use the toilet for as long time also set a record, and is now in the Jianghuai area, and the Soviet Union still use the Shanghai-Hangzhou area, the number should be millions of dollars, the local government and even with a toilet transformation of the public works and achievements as a task. Of the "Jiangnanshibao" (September 21, 2004 Ninth Edition) is entitled: "chaos toilet brush to a fine of Suzhou 20,000 toilets to" dead. "Mentioned in the text of the span against the toilet:" As the ancient city of Suzhou area Some Lao Jiefang no sanitation facilities, many people still use the toilet, some residents also put a toilet brush in the river as well-deserved. But from the perspective of environmental protection, protection of the river within the framework of scrubbing toilets, spittoon and other pollution of the water apparatus, the water posed a certain degree of pollution, "This is the ancient city of tourism and cultural identity does not match the paper also to local residents Span toilet done a description: "inverted toilets, there are two" approach. " A "method" is their inverted. Auntie Shen has been insisting on their inverted. Yesterday afternoon, Shen Auntie squatted Hebu their first brush from the Hongqi toilet, toilet Shashi exquisite, who has carved a barrel, Tonggai on Louke, a very ancient works of art. Auntie Shen also like playing with brush and small works of art in general. "
It seems that in clothing, food, housing, transportation, open the door is also very important ah.
Since some people use the toilet, some people have to clean up the Hui Wu, then gave birth to the first group of Army feces, soiled the head of the army is no test, but there are records of ancient literature: "Hangzhou Square Lane recorded" in an MA Zi Lane Day said that the founding of the South East, West, Lane infants on board, the first off the East River, "Meng Liang recorded" Lane 13: "Hang Cheng Fan group of accounts, alleys Xiaomin, a family of more than a pit toilet, the only Toilet, feces daily to its own people to that of the 'dumping feet first,' and each customer, not usurping, fecal Lord will fight with them, the worse the House of First Instance, the latter wins have been. "MA Zi up for it MA Zi shop market. In the period, first off the river for fecal boat Mi-place, then Hangcheng has three "Golden juice," (feces line), the monopoly of fecal juice, also a header off the river. East days Note: Calendar harm! Inverted fecal also credited the group and do a triad, also of the hill, enclosure plate.
The end of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, will also change soiled, just the 19th century history of Shanghai, Shanghai-not prosperity and population, land, feces way out is not a problem. Pudong, the outskirts of the Wusong area farmers used small boats to transport back Feitian feces. By the 1930s, and the French Concession Gonggongzujie authorities felt the seriousness of the problem of the droppings, so Fenju acquisition, paid workers to do collection work. Then, City, Hongkou, and other regions have implemented the same. Some traders see profitable, custom Fenche, rented to Cardiff to inverted fecal excrement, which has a number of fecal owners, they Zhengzhuo Qiangde Pan, fierce competition. Some fecal husband secretly sold to farmers will be soiled. Concession authorities and the KMT Department of Health to manage the municipal government, with contractual approach to the Qing-Yun feces. Some owners leave feces channels, the concession to the municipal health authorities and the KMT were contracted to collect the feces, soiled terminal facilities, the sale of manure, which made a big money and become the "king of excrement." Among them, the oldest and most powerful of the "king of excrement" to be Ma Hongwen mind that he is the first French Concession contractors. He Fenche most of his time 600. Later in Hongkou, Zhabei, France and China in the town have another "king of excrement", named Wang Rongkang, with more than 500 vehicles Fenche.
"Soiled king," the main source of income on rent collection and rent Fenju terminal. Shanghai was a Fenche 1900, Ma and Wang both accounted for about 50%. Fecal terminals rented to the use of manure package. Shanghai was a collection terminals 22 and 10 along the Suzhou River, and the remaining distributed in Caojia Du, City, Da Puqiao, lime Hong Kong, Shi Liupu, and other places. Fecal terminal building is very simple, cement stone Bulkhead, there is a hole on the river, an iron pipe under the home, Wanxiang surface, soiled by boat to the shore "to goods." Every morning, one of the vehicles to Fenju were soiled terminal to "discharge." Fecal pier Fenshui cross-flow, Chouqixuntian, surrounded residents suffer.
Fecal Cardiff are called "clean-fu", the nickname is "inverted lords." Most of the original farmers, the rural economy because of bankruptcy, or forced by famine, went to Shanghai to do this行当. Shanghai fecal husband was about 4,000. Their origin in accordance with the region, divided into several help: help the largest number of northern Jiangsu, accounting for seven tenths, at high (Postal)-(should) help, Yang (state) and Thailand (-) help, Qualcomm (state) sea (doors ) To help and salt (City) Fu (Nanjing) help, and so on for about two tenths of Suzhou; Jiangnan Bangzhu if Changzhou, Jiangyin area farmers, accounting for about one-tenth.
Cardiff inverted soiled toilet at the site made it clear that each of the road each Nongtang have fixed the feces of the husband, not encroach on others. If the "peer" to an inverted number of toilets, will play each other badly beaten. Place on the local ruffians and hooligans, bullying see this great outside the oil industry, then display "De Toushe" Weishi, respectively, to control each lot, fecal husband must be to him, "Xiao Jing" If Bushi Xiang, He Fenche knock over the soiled husband's head in the press in the stool. Fecal husband did not approach, but to their "old man" to "register", "End tax" to request "protection."
Fecal Cardiff entirely inverted toilets for households to maintain life. Inverted toilets is a Leihuo, Zanghuo, Fenche loaded with a heavy burden of 400, each win a lot of very small, inverted by the number of toilets are small, their number will have less income. Anti-Japanese War, toilet or 3 per share five minutes. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the KMT government launched a civil war, resulting in higher prices. Fecal husband to see that all workers who are in a general strike for wage inflation, they also have brewing "general strike opposing" to deliver the inverted toilets for the purpose, but it was clean industry professional trade unions to stop. So they put inverted husband soiled toilet fees automatically increase. February 1946 charges 500 yuan per toilet, in March to 1,000 yuan, 2,000 yuan for April, to Duanyang Festival for 4,000 yuan. Four members of the public complaints, the Health Bureau to intervene so that each toilet charges 1,000 yuan, shall not be additional demands. Due to Wujiafeizhang, clean industry provides professional unions charges 2,000 yuan per toilet. But fecal husband or a life of hardship, a reporter had visited a 60-year-old. He made Banshi "inverted classic," his son inherited not only the industry, 16-year-old grandson also towing Fenju practice. A Fenche three generations, they have to continue this way for generations to come. Feces daily in Cardiff on the day Mengmeng Liang towing Fenjuaijia inverted door-to-door to the toilet, when all the workers doing manual when the fecal-fu have already returned home and dreams of the people. Fecal husband live in the community at the bottom. Most of them did not cultural, Youle Qian on the bubble tea house, alcohol, gambling, not just for leisure, in the absence of sunshine throughout the year life of a corner.
After new China was founded, fecal-fu of the working class to become self-reliant, into the sanitation department, renamed the "cleaner", a city beautification of the green envoy, but also created a time-Cheung such a national model workers.
Come back to see in Western society, from the 19th century, in general connected to the sewer, many European families to install flush toilets. But not all families can afford to install. In Paris and Spain in a layer of some buildings have a toilet. In several hundred years of time, people in the Rafah Piantong urine, the urine and poured through the window directly streets (East days: not as if Chinese civilization). Later, some rich people built a bedroom connected with the toilet, and the feces discharged into the trench or septic tanks, and in the public residential area, built a public toilet. Invention of emissions-sanitary ware is a pioneer in the British Harrington. In 1597 he developed a piston-type toilets, and installed in Queen Elizabeth's palace in Richmond, Since then, bid farewell to the toilet started monotonous "barrels" in the form and evolve into the toilet with a combination of water and Until now become the basic form of a toilet. 1775, the British division of watches and clocks, Harrington Cummings and the Jazz for the water has improved, so that water is in the water after each use, can automatically Commissioner of living valves, also enables automatic irrigation water Full water tanks. Cummings for his invention of the toilet cisterns with a patent application, the 1778 London craftsmen Bula Mo to the water in the toilet for the top and above the installation of a handle, used to control water - The water valve, still tops the toilet cover. The late 18th century, the British inventor Joseph Bula Mei improve the design of a flush toilet. He used a number of components, such as water tanks, water flow control of the three ball valve to prevent the sewers to escape the smell of the U-shaped bend, and so on. At present, we mostly use the flush toilets of this principle. The late 19th century, Europe's cities and towns to install the water pipes and sewage systems, so most people really use the toilet. By 1855, the British public health departments require all housing to install sanitary wares. By 1890, sanitary ware began in the whole of Europe open to all.
According to research, flush toilets were introduced to China in the late Qing Early Republic of China should be the time, but also confined to the palace courtyard, Daguan your government, because this thing to the sewage system and the corresponding support to use.
The toilet is also creating a lot of heroes, Han Gao Zu Liu Bang was the name of "toilet"-urine escape, Tuoque high penetration of the disaster; Liu Han Huandi "toilet" Jushi, Zhumieliangji work for North Korea. This is to use the toilet. Also span the toilet, the world hotel industry king Conrad Hilton early N has been working arrangements span the toilet when he is not discouraged, but set a firm belief in life, and for his strong performance since Flooding of: "Even if a lifetime wash the toilet, a wash the toilet to do the best people." This is the secret of his success, it is this idea of him the past several decades has been successful in forging ahead on the road, so he has a successful life and made him a successful Fortunately, the success of the fortunate. Another of the people do not wash the toilet less, this is one of Japan's President, the girl said to her, he took part in the span toilet training, this is not only dirty and tired of living, according to the requirements of the time, the toilet must span To which the water can continue to drink up, and she is so accomplished, it is incredible that this girl or former Japanese transport minister's granddaughter, and now, she is the most watched Japanese cabinet, 30 Seven-year-old postal minister - Noda of the Son.
In comparison, the East-day But the English name of the toilet more interested in access to relevant information derived from: a toilet is the fight should be: "Closestool", Stool can be translated into the stool, Biantong, after the cancelled with the convenience, but also conforms to Cat feces covered the health requirements. That there are several, one is "the throne", this is a British slang, "Throne" is the literal translation from the throne of the meaning of the emperor, Ying Guolao really imagine sitting on the toilet as get on the throne of the emperor, then The United States? » The second is "the can" This is the American slang, "CAN" meaning can be canned, safe, jail, police stations, bathrooms, toilets and buttocks, sitting toilet as prison » This somewhat inappropriate. The third is American Slang "the pot", POT meaning can be Yehu, cannabis leaf and flower pots, inverted appropriate, of course not want to absorptivity cannabis in public places, the toilet is a good choice. In Germany, the toilet is called "Leistungsklo", literal translation for "achievements in the toilet," because the German toilet at the bottom is flat, after the convenience can go back to enjoy a masterpiece after another Chongdiao, more sense of accomplishment.
The invention of the toilet can really be called civilized human life is in a classic, in recent decades is constant innovation. With the application of high technology, modern toilet can even detect the user's blood pressure, fat, heart rate and urine analysis, which detected the data also can be connected to the network with a toilet, delivered directly to health care centres. Taiwan and even launched an "action toilet", which is based on the serious traffic congestion in Taiwan, regular Bieniao occupants of the situation came into being. This "action toilet" is made of lightweight plastic toilet seat, using a deodorant pad, not to seepage of "happy bags" to.
Japan's major cities against a company can not find people to go out to the toilet, launched a Ku Yao from the trouser legs, or insert the paper Urine Bag, bag containing chemical substances, and urine will react immediately condensed into a semi-dry - , Even if the inversion will not flow out. This bag is very popular, and many of the elderly to it as a home for the night from the "security is."
In addition, if the home often to the guests the best preparation for the guests to a non-contact type toilet, to prevent the virus transmission. Japan has such a toilet, people need not die with their hands touch, toilets were covered in place after the open automatically, and automatically to the toilet mat covered with a layer of clean toilet paper, not only satisfy the needs of the guests, but also brings convenience to the owner .
In water, toilets are also continuing to improve and increase the popularity of flush toilets because the most serious problem is the waste of water resources. According to statistics, in China, to use the toilet each year out 144 medium-sized water plant producing water. New Two-stage water-saving toilets and water-saving toilets on the computer monitor very good solution to the problem of waste water. Two-stage is divided into three liters of water-saving toilets, six liters Two-stage flushing, according to the different needs of choice and urine to water. Such water-saving toilets can save 26 percent of the water, its displacement is small, but the use of Siphon flushing methods can rinse thoroughly and will not affect the function of cleaning the toilets.
Because computer monitoring of water-saving toilets with microelectronics intelligent control devices, influent and effluent its no noise, only 3 liters of water per erosion, and the current widespread use of a toilet flushing needs of each compared to 13 liters of water, water-saving up to 80 percent.
The world's scientific and technological content of the highest value of the United States is the most expensive toilet, "forge ahead" of equipment on the space shuttle toilet, its value as high as 23.4 million U.S. dollars. This toilet can handle more waste storage, independent from the urine, faeces and urine can be dealt with separately. Toilets are air-guided devices, under the conditions of weightlessness to solve the problems of human excretion.
But with the popularity of the toilet, some public health problems attendant, if you use a public toilet might be the common Shenyoutikuai. Some people have ridiculed the farmers in cities not used the toilet, squatted on the toilet easy, in fact, the city's employees in the office of public health, Dunzhao use the toilet is not a minority. Shanghai New World Trading Center in Procter & Gamble advertising the work of the Miss Pan said: "Every day wiping the toilet, could see the footprints on the toilet laps; more often, almost every lap on the toilet all traces of urine, there are obviously Qianzhao body for many users. "Although they use several times a day," Jie Kang "and disinfectants, cleaning the building of public toilets, but there are still many users fear of cross-infection and the like. To do so not only do strange psychological factors, the reality of the environmental problems have no choice but to let people worry about.
In short, we see a new technology and new technology in the life of the practical application, and it gives you the convenience and benefits of the toilet's achievements can not be buried, and it has become part of our daily life, family Part of customary part of the last wishes of our life can be more exciting.
